9129767 V4FIMVGU 1 apa 50 date desc year Winters 18 https://kbwinters.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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energized%20by%20internal%20waves.%20The%20ambient%20fluid%20was%20continuously%20stratified%20and%20the%20steadily%20forced%20incoming%20wave%20field%20consisted%20of%20a%20confined%20beam%2C%20restricting%20the%20turbulent%20activity%20to%20a%20finite%20region%20along%20the%20bottom%20slope.%20Measurements%20of%20dissipation%20showed%20some%20variation%20over%20the%20wave%20phase%2C%20but%20cycle-averaged%20values%20indicated%20that%20the%20dissipation%20was%20nearly%20constant%20with%20height%20within%20the%20BBL.%20Dissipation%20levels%20were%20up%20to%20three%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20larger%20than%20background%20laminar%20values%20and%20the%20thickness%20of%20the%20BBL%20could%20be%20defined%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20observed%20dissipation%20variation%20with%20height.%20Assuming%20that%20most%20of%20the%20incoming%20wave%20energy%20was%20dissipated%20within%20the%20BBL%2C%20predicted%20levels%20of%20dissipation%20were%20in%20good%20agreement%20with%20the%20observations.%20Measurements%20were%20also%20made%20of%20density%20and%20two%20orthogonal%20components%20of%20the%20velocity%20fluctuations%20at%20discrete%20heights%20above%20the%20bottom.%20Cospectral%20estimates%20of%20density%20and%20velocity%20fluctuations%20showed%20that%20the%20major%20contributions%20to%20both%20the%20vertical%20density%20flux%20and%20the%20momentum%20flux%20resulted%20from%20frequencies%20near%20the%20wave%20forcing%20frequency%2C%20rather%20than%20super-buoyancy%20frequencies%2C%20suggesting%20a%20strong%20nonlinear%20interaction%20between%20the%20incident%20and%20reflected%20waves%20close%20to%20the%20bottom.%20Within%20the%20turbulent%20BBL%2C%20time-averaged%20density%20fluxes%20were%20significant%20and%20negative%20near%20the%20wave%20frequencies%20but%20negligible%20at%20frequencies%20greater%20than%20the%20buoyancy%20frequency%20N.%20While%20dissipation%20rates%20were%20high%20compared%20to%20background%20laminar%20values%2C%20they%20were%20low%20compared%20to%20the%20value%20of%20epsilon%28tr%29%20approximate%20to%2015%20nu%20N-2%2C%20the%20transition%20value%20often%20used%20to%20assess%20the%20capacity%20of%20a%20stratified%20flow%20to%20produce%20mixing.%20Existing%20models%20relating%20mixing%20to%20dissipation%20rate%20rely%20on%20the%20existence%20of%20a%20positive-definite%20density%20flux%20at%20frequencies%20greater%20than%20N%20as%20a%20signature%20of%20fluid%20mixing%20and%20therefore%20cannot%20apply%20to%20these%20experiments.%20We%20therefore%20introduce%20a%20simple%20model%2C%20based%20on%20the%20concept%20of%20diascalar%20fluxes%2C%20to%20interpret%20the%20mixing%20in%20the%20stratified%20fluid%20in%20the%20BBL%20and%20suggest%20that%20this%20may%20have%20wider%20application%20than%20to%20the%20particular%20configuration%20studied%20here.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202000%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2Fs0022112000008788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-1120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22V4FIMVGU%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-31T21%3A31%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Winters, K. B., Claret, M., Lelong, M. ‐Pascale, & Ourmières, Y. (2024). A Pressure Projection Scheme With Near‐Spectral Accuracy for Nonhydrostatic Flow in Domains With Open Boundaries. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 16(6), e2023MS004040. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004040
Williams, E. F., Ugalde, A., Martins, H. F., Becerril, C. E., Callies, J., Claret, M., Fernandez‐Ruiz, M. R., Gonzalez‐Herraez, M., Martin‐Lopez, S., Pelegri, J. L., Winters, K. B., & Zhan, Z. (2023). Fiber‐Optic Observations of Internal Waves and Tides. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 128(9), e2023JC019980. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019980
Ramon, C. L., Ulloa, H. N., Doda, T., Winters, K. B., & Bouffard, D. (2021). Bathymetry and latitude modify lake warming under ice. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(4), 1813–1825. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1813-2021
Jagannathan, A., Winters, K. B., & Armi, L. (2020). The effect of a strong density step on blocked stratified flow over topography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 889. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.87
Rogers, J. S., Rayson, M. D., Ko, D. S., Winters, K. B., & Fringer, O. B. (2019). A framework for seamless one-way nesting of internal wave-resolving ocean models. Ocean Modelling, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101462
Ulloa, H. N., Winters, K. B., Wuest, A., & Bouffard, D. (2019). Differential heating drives downslope flows that accelerate mixed-layer warming in ice-covered waters. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085258
Winters, K. B., Ulloa, H. N., Wuest, A., & Bouffard, D. (2019). Energetics of radiatively heated ice-covered lakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(15), 8913–8925. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084182
Jagannathan, A., Winters, K., & Armi, L. (2019). Stratified flows over and around long dynamically tall mountain ridges. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 76(5), 1265–1287. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0145.1
Tort, M., & Winters, K. B. (2018). Poleward propagation of near-inertial waves induced by fluctuating winds over a baroclinically unstable zonal jet. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 834, 510–530. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.698
Jagannathan, A., Winters, K. B., & Armi, L. (2017). Stability of stratified downslope flows with an overlying stagnant isolating layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 810, 392–411. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.683
Barkan, R., Winters, K. B., & McWilliams, J. C. (2017). Stimulated imbalance and the enhancement of eddy kinetic energy dissipation by internal waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47(1), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0117.1
Winters, K. B. (2016). The turbulent transition of a supercritical downslope flow: sensitivity to downstream conditions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 792, 997–1012. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.113
Winters, K. B. (2015). Tidally driven mixing and dissipation in the stratified boundary layer above steep submarine topography. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(17), 7123–7130. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064676
Ulloa, H. N., Winters, K. B., de la Fuente, A., & Niño, Y. (2015). Degeneration of internal Kelvin waves in a continuous two-layer stratification. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 777, 68–96. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.311
Winters, K. B. (2015). Tidally-forced flow in a rotating, stratified, shoaling basin. Ocean Modelling, 90, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.04.004
Barkan, R., Winters, K. B., & Llewellyn Smith, S. G. (2015). Energy cascades and loss of balance in a reentrant channel forced by wind stress and buoyancy fluxes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45(1), 272–293. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1
Winant, C., Valle-Levinson, A., Ponte, A., Winant, C., Gutierrez-de-Velasco, G., & Winters, K. (2014). Observations on the lateral structure of wind-driven flows in a stratified, semiarid bay of the Gulf of California. Estuaries and Coasts, 37(6), 1319–1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9641-0
Winters, K. B., & Armi, L. (2014). Topographic control of stratified flows: upstream jets, blocking and isolating layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 753, 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.363
Pham, H. T., Sarkar, S., & Winters, K. B. (2013). Large-eddy simulation of deep-cycle turbulence in an equatorial undercurrent model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(11), 2490–2502. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-016.1
Winters, K. B., & Armi, L. (2013). The response of a continuously stratified fluid to an oscillating flow past an obstacle. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 727, 83–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.247
Barkan, R., Winters, K. B., & Llewellyn Smith, S. G. (2013). Rotating horizontal convection. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 723, 556–586. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.136
Winters, K. B., & Barkan, R. (2013). Available potential energy density for Boussinesq fluid flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 714, 476–488. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.493
Pham, H. T., Sarkar, S., & Winters, K. B. (2012). Near-N oscillations and deep-cycle turbulence in an upper-equatorial undercurrent model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42(12), 2169–2184. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0233.1
Ponte, A. L., de Velasco, G. G., Valle-Levinson, A., Winters, K. B., & Winant, C. D. (2012). Wind-driven subinertial circulation inside a semienclosed bay in the Gulf of California. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42(6), 940–955. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0103.1
Winters, K. B., & de la Fuente, A. (2012). Modelling rotating stratified flows at laboratory-scale using spectrally-based DNS. Ocean Modelling, 49–50, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.04.001
Winters, K. B., & Armi, L. (2012). Hydraulic control of continuously stratified flow over an obstacle. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 700, 502–513. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.157
Pham, H. T., Sarkar, S., & Winters, K. B. (2012). Intermittent patches of turbulence in a stratified medium with stable shear. Journal of Turbulence, 13(20), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2012.686666
Winters, K. B., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., & Gerkema, T. (2011). Critical reflection and abyssal trapping of near-inertial waves on a β-plane. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 684, 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.280
Hazewinkel, J., & Winters, K. B. (2011). PSI of the internal tide on a β plane: flux divergence and near-inertial wave propagation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 41(9), 1673–1682. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4605.1
Cheng, P., Valle-Levinson, A., Winant, C. D., Ponte, A. L. S., de Velasco, G. G., & Winters, K. B. (2010). Upwelling-enhanced seasonal stratification in a semiarid bay. Continental Shelf Research, 30(10–11), 1241–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.03.015
Echeverri, P., Flynn, M. R., Winters, K. B., & Peacock, T. (2009). Low-mode internal tide generation by topography: an experimental and numerical investigation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 636, 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009007654
Winters, K. B., & Young, W. R. (2009). Available potential energy and buoyancy variance in horizontal convection. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 629, 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006685
Siegel, D. A., Mitarai, S., Costello, C. J., Gaines, S. D., Kendall, B. E., Warner, R. R., & Winters, K. B. (2008). The stochastic nature of larval connectivity among nearshore marine populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(26), 8974–8979. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802544105
Winters, K. B. (2008). Growth of inertia-gravity waves in sheared inertial currents. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 601, 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008000621
van Aartrijk, M., Clercx, H. J. H., & Winters, K. B. (2008). Single-particle, particle-pair, and multiparticle dispersion of fluid particles in forced stably stratified turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2838593
Mitarai, S., Siegel, D. A., & Winters, K. B. (2008). A numerical study of stochastic larval settlement in the California Current system. Journal of Marine Systems, 69(3–4), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.02.017
Ivey, G. N., Winters, K. B., & Koseff, J. R. (2008). Density stratification, turbulence, but how much mixing? In Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics (Vol. 40, pp. 169–184). Annual Reviews.
MacKinnon, J. A., & Winters, K. B. (2005). Subtropical catastrophe: Significant loss of low-mode tidal energy at 28.9°. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(15). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023376
Barr, B. C., Slinn, D. N., Pierro, T., & Winters, K. B. (2004). Numerical simulation of turbulent, oscillatory flow over sand ripples. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 109(C9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jc001709
D’Asaro, E. A., Winters, K. B., & Lien, R. C. (2004). Lagrangian estimates of diapycnal mixing in a simulated K-H instability. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 21(5), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0799:leodmi>2.0.co;2
Winters, K. B., MacKinnon, J. A., & Mills, B. (2004). A spectral model for process studies of rotating, density-stratified flows. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 21(1), 69–94. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0069:asmfps>2.0.co;2
Smyth, W. D., & Winters, K. B. (2003). Turbulence and mixing in Holmboe waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33(4), 694–711. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)33<694:tamihw>2.0.co;2
D’Asaro, E. A., Winters, K. B., & Lien, R. C. (2002). Lagrangian analysis of a convective mixed layer. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 107(C5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000247
Hogg, A. M., Winters, K. B., & Ivey, G. N. (2001). Linear internal waves and the control of stratified exchange flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 447, 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112001006048
Finnigan, T. D., Winters, K. B., & Ivey, G. N. (2001). Response characteristics of a buoyancy-driven sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31(9), 2721–2736. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2721:rcoabd>2.0.co;2
Barry, M. E., Ivey, G. N., Winters, K. B., & Imberger, J. (2001). Measurements of diapycnal diffusivities in stratified fluids. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 442, 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112001005080
Bouruet-Aubertot, P., Koudella, C., Staquet, C., & Winters, K. B. (2001). Particle dispersion and mixing induced by breaking internal gravity waves. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 33(2), 95–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0265(00)00056-7
Hogg, A. M., Ivey, G. N., & Winters, K. B. (2001). Hydraulics and mixing in controlled exchange flows. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 106(C1), 959–972. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000266
Hodges, B. R., Imberger, J., Saggio, A., & Winters, K. B. (2000). Modeling basin-scale internal waves in a stratified lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(7), 1603–1620.
Ivey, G. N., Winters, K. B., & De Silva, I. P. D. (2000). Turbulent mixing in a sloping benthic boundary layer energized by internal waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 418, 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000008788